Radiative transfer has played and will continue to play a prominent role in the search for life outside of our solar system. Indeed, since the detection of the motion of photons in space is the primary method by which we infer the existence of extra solar systems, it would stand to reason that radiative transfer would also be instrumental in the detection of extrasolar life- similar to the remote sensing of life on Earth. Radiative transfer has its roots in the kinetic theory of gases as developed by Boltzmann at the end of the l9th century. The collision of particles with other particles and their subsequent motion between collisions, is one of the primary features described by kinetic theory. In addition, particles can be considered collectively in a statistical sense while still maintaining their invariant properties of motion. Radiative transfer is a special case of kinetic theory where photons do not interact with themselves. One of the basic elements of radiative transfer is the electromagnetic spectrum which determines the photon "particle" or "wave" nature. In this presentation, we treat the short wavelength end of the spectrum so photons are considered to be discrete packets of energy. Also of importance is how photons interact with the host medium. In particular, the law of deflection, commonly called the phase function, must be specified as well as the medium absorption properties. Radiative transfer has found application in analyzing stellar and planetary atmospheres, terrestrial satellite remote sensing to determine vegetation canopy reflectance and atmospheric corrections and weapons effects. The challenge of searching for extrasolar life will require both radiometric observation and radiative transfer modeling. The modeling issues concern the origins of the absorption features which appear as variations around a baseline in observed spectra. Here, we take a modeling approach in which we face our ignorance by taking advantage of natural averaging. A simple model for discussion purposes has been developed based on the 1-D, one-angle radiative transfer equation. A three region plane parallel medium, representing an atmosphere, vegetation and soil, is assumed with an isotropic /forward/backward scattering law. Results and some limited (common sense) conclusions concerning the detection of extrasolar vegetation are presented based on various scenarios of atmospheric composition and vegetation extent.
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Last updated Jul-10-1997
Responsible NASA Official: Dr. Larry Caroff
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